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# Create a clipboard button on the rendered HTML page
source(here::here("clipboard.R")); clipboard
# Set seed for reproducibility
set.seed(1982)
# Set global options for all code chunks
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
# Disable messages printed by R code chunks
message = FALSE,
# Disable warnings printed by R code chunks
warning = FALSE,
# Show R code within code chunks in output
echo = TRUE,
# Include both R code and its results in output
include = TRUE,
# Evaluate R code chunks
eval = TRUE,
# Enable caching of R code chunks for faster rendering
cache = FALSE,
# Align figures in the center of the output
fig.align = "center",
# Enable retina display for high-resolution figures
retina = 2,
# Show errors in the output instead of stopping rendering
error = TRUE,
# Do not collapse code and output into a single block
collapse = FALSE
)
# Start the figure counter
fig_count <- 0
# Define the captioner function
captioner <- function(caption) {
fig_count <<- fig_count + 1
paste0("Figure ", fig_count, ": ", caption)
}
library(MetricGraph)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(plotly)
library(patchwork)
library(slackr)
source("keys.R")
slackr_setup(token = token) # token comes from keys.R
## [1] "Successfully connected to Slack"
capture.output(
knitr::purl(here::here("control_functionality.Rmd"), output = here::here("control_functionality.R")),
file = here::here("purl_log.txt")
)
source(here::here("control_functionality.R"))
# Parameters
T_final <- 2
kappa <- 4#readRDS("old/kappa.RDS")#16
divider <- 2#readRDS("old/divider.RDS") #1
m_cut <- 8#readRDS("old/m_cut.RDS")
mu <- 1
a <- - 1
b <- 1
N_finite = 4 # choose even
adjusted_N_finite <- N_finite + N_finite/2 + 1
# Coefficients for f and g
coeff_elliptic_g <- 20*(1:adjusted_N_finite)^-1
coeff_elliptic_g[-2] <- 0
coeff_elliptic_f <- rep(0, adjusted_N_finite)
coeff_elliptic_f[2] <- 10
# Time step and mesh size
# POWERS <- seq(12, 6, by = -1.5)
#
# time_steps <- 0.1 * 2^-POWERS
# h_vector <- time_steps^(1/2)
h_vector <- 10^seq(log10(0.005), log10(0.1), length.out = 7)#c(0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1)
h_star <- 0.001
# Overkill parameters
overkill_time_step <- 0.1 * 2^-(14)
overkill_h <- h_star#(0.1 * 2^-(14))^(1/2)
# Finest time and space mesh
overkill_time_seq <- seq(0, T_final, length.out = ((T_final - 0) / overkill_time_step + 1))
overkill_graph <- gets.graph.tadpole(h = overkill_h)
# Compute the weights on the finest mesh
overkill_graph$compute_fem() # This is needed to compute the weights
overkill_C <- overkill_graph$mesh$C
overkill_psi <- cos(overkill_time_seq)
overkill_phi <- sin(T_final - overkill_time_seq)
overkill_psi_prime <- - sin(overkill_time_seq)
overkill_phi_prime <- - cos(T_final - overkill_time_seq)
m_values <- c()
alpha_vector <- seq(1, 1.8, by = 0.2)
# Create a matrix to store the errors
errors_u_bar <- matrix(NA, nrow = length(h_vector), ncol = length(alpha_vector))
errors_p_bar <- matrix(NA, nrow = length(h_vector), ncol = length(alpha_vector))
errors_z_bar <- matrix(NA, nrow = length(h_vector), ncol = length(alpha_vector))
for (j in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {
alpha <- alpha_vector[j]
beta <- alpha / 2
# Compute the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on the finest mesh
overkill_eigen_params <- gets.eigen.params(N_finite = N_finite,
kappa = kappa,
alpha = alpha,
graph = overkill_graph)
EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA <- overkill_eigen_params$EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA # Eigenvalues (they are independent of the meshes)
overkill_EIGENFUN <- overkill_eigen_params$EIGENFUN # Eigenfunctions on the finest mesh
# Compute the true solution on the finest mesh
overkill_elliptic_f <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_f)
overkill_elliptic_g <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_g)
# Construct the corresponding elliptic solution u and v on the integration mesh
overkill_elliptic_u <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_f * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
overkill_elliptic_v <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_g * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
overkill_u_bar <- outer(overkill_elliptic_u, overkill_psi)
overkill_p_bar <- - mu * outer(overkill_elliptic_v, overkill_phi)
overkill_z_bar <- matrix(pmax(a, pmin(b, - overkill_p_bar / mu)), dim(overkill_p_bar))
maxabs <- max(abs(overkill_p_bar / mu))
for (i in 1:length(h_vector)) {
h <- h_vector[i]
time_step <- (h^alpha)/divider
m <- min(m_cut, ceiling((log(h))^2 / (pi^2 * (1 - alpha / 2)))) #4
h <- largest_nested_h(h_star, h) # makes them nested
m_values <- c(m_values, m)
time_seq <- seq(0, T_final, length.out = ((T_final - 0) / time_step + 1))
graph <- gets.graph.tadpole(h = h)
graph$compute_fem()
G <- graph$mesh$G
C <- graph$mesh$C
L <- kappa^2*C + G
# Construct the fractional operator, which is shared for the forward and adjoint problems
my_op_frac <- my.fractional.operators.frac(L,
beta,
C,
scale.factor = kappa^2,
m = m,
time_step)
eigen_params <- gets.eigen.params(N_finite = N_finite,
kappa = kappa,
alpha = alpha,
graph = graph)
EIGENFUN <- eigen_params$EIGENFUN
# Construct the right hand side functions f and g for the elliptic problem
elliptic_f <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_f)
elliptic_g <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_g)
# Construct the corresponding elliptic solution u and v
elliptic_u <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_f * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
elliptic_v <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_g * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
psi <- cos(time_seq)
phi <- sin(T_final - time_seq)
psi_prime <- - sin(time_seq)
phi_prime <- - cos(T_final - time_seq)
u_bar <- elliptic_u %*% t(psi)
p_bar <- - mu * (elliptic_v %*% t(phi))
z_bar <- matrix(pmax(a, pmin(b, - p_bar / mu)), dim(p_bar))
# Construct the projection matrix
Psi <- graph$fem_basis(overkill_graph$get_mesh_locations())
R <- t(Psi) %*% overkill_graph$mesh$C
minus_p_bar_over_mu <- overkill_elliptic_v %*% t(phi)
z_aux <- matrix(pmax(a, pmin(b, minus_p_bar_over_mu)), dim(minus_p_bar_over_mu))
f <- overkill_elliptic_u %*% t(psi_prime) + overkill_elliptic_f %*% t(psi) - z_aux
U_d <- overkill_elliptic_u %*% t(psi) -
mu * (overkill_elliptic_v %*% t(phi_prime)) +
mu * (overkill_elliptic_g %*% t(phi))
V_d <- R %*% U_d
u_0 <- elliptic_u
F_proj <- R %*% f
u_d <- outer(elliptic_u, psi) -
mu * outer(elliptic_v, phi_prime) +
mu * outer(elliptic_g, phi)
tol <- 1e-12
maxit <- 25
verbose <- TRUE
nested_spatial_mesh <- TRUE
res <- solve_coupled_system_multi_tol(
my_op_frac = my_op_frac,
time_step = time_step,
time_seq = time_seq,
u_0 = u_0,
F_proj = F_proj,
Z_ini = F_proj*0,
V_d = V_d,
u_d = u_d,
Psi = Psi,
R = R,
a = a,
b = b,
C = C,
mu = mu,
tol = tol,
maxit = maxit,
verbose = verbose,
nested_spatial_mesh = nested_spatial_mesh,
true_sol = list(
u_bar = u_bar,
p_bar = p_bar,
z_bar = z_bar
))
U_bar <- res$U
P_bar <- res$P
Z_bar <- res$Z
projected_u_bar_piecewise <- construct_piecewise_projection(Psi %*% U_bar, time_seq, overkill_time_seq)
projected_p_bar_piecewise <- construct_piecewise_projection(Psi %*% P_bar, time_seq, overkill_time_seq)
projected_z_bar_piecewise <- construct_piecewise_projection(Psi %*% Z_bar, time_seq, overkill_time_seq)
UU <- overkill_u_bar - projected_u_bar_piecewise
PP <- overkill_p_bar - projected_p_bar_piecewise
ZZ <- overkill_z_bar - projected_z_bar_piecewise
rm(projected_u_bar_piecewise, projected_p_bar_piecewise, projected_z_bar_piecewise)
DDD <- sqrt(as.double(overkill_time_step * sum(UU * (overkill_C %*% UU))))
HHH <- sqrt(as.double(overkill_time_step * sum(PP * (overkill_C %*% PP))))
KKK <- sqrt(as.double(overkill_time_step * sum(ZZ * (overkill_C %*% ZZ))))
rm(UU, PP, ZZ)
errors_u_bar[i,j] <- DDD
errors_p_bar[i,j] <- HHH
errors_z_bar[i,j] <- KKK
print(paste0("m =", m, ", alpha =", alpha, ", h =", h, ", time_step =", time_step))
slackr_msg(text = paste0("m =", m, ", alpha =", alpha, ", h =", h, ", time_step =", time_step, ", converged = ", res$converged, ", iterations = ", res$iterations, ", error u = ", DDD, ", error p = ", HHH, ", error z = ", KKK, ", maxabs = ", maxabs), channel = "#research")
}
}
save(errors_u_bar, errors_p_bar, errors_z_bar, file = here::here("data_files/control_error_h_with_iteration.RData"))
Convergence
results
# Load the errors data
load(here::here("data_files/control_error_h_with_iteration.RData"))
observed_rates_u_bar <- numeric(length(alpha_vector))
observed_rates_p_bar <- numeric(length(alpha_vector))
observed_rates_z_bar <- numeric(length(alpha_vector))
for (i in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {observed_rates_u_bar[i] <- coef(lm(log10(errors_u_bar[, i]) ~ log10(h_vector)))[2]}
for (i in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {observed_rates_p_bar[i] <- coef(lm(log10(errors_p_bar[, i]) ~ log10(h_vector)))[2]}
for (i in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {observed_rates_z_bar[i] <- coef(lm(log10(errors_z_bar[, i]) ~ log10(h_vector)))[2]}
theoretical_rates <- alpha_vector
p_u_bar <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector,
alpha_vector,
errors_u_bar,
theoretical_rates,
observed_rates_u_bar,
line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
fig_title = expression(italic(bar(u))),
x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
p_p_bar <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector,
alpha_vector,
errors_p_bar,
theoretical_rates,
observed_rates_p_bar,
line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
fig_title = expression(italic(bar(p))),
x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
p_z_bar <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector,
alpha_vector,
errors_z_bar,
theoretical_rates,
observed_rates_z_bar,
line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
fig_title = expression(italic(bar(z))),
x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
p_h_u <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector,
alpha_vector,
errors_u_bar,
theoretical_rates,
observed_rates_u_bar,
line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
fig_title = expression("Convergence in " * italic(h)),
x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
p_h_z <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector,
alpha_vector,
errors_z_bar,
theoretical_rates,
observed_rates_z_bar,
line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
fig_title = expression("Convergence in " * italic(h)),
x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
save(p_h_u, file = here::here("data_files/p_h_u.RData"))
save(p_h_z, file = here::here("data_files/p_h_z.RData"))
p_all_h <- (p_u_bar | p_p_bar | p_z_bar) +
plot_annotation(
title = expression(" Convergence in " * italic(h)),
theme = theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 18, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5,
family = "Palatino"))
)
p_all_h
# ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_u_bar_with_iteration.png"), width = 4, height = 5, plot = p_u_bar, dpi = 300)
# ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_p_bar_with_iteration.png"), width = 4, height = 5, plot = p_p_bar, dpi = 300)
# ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_z_bar_with_iteration.png"), width = 4, height = 5, plot = p_z_bar, dpi = 300)
ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_all_with_iteration.png"), width = 12, height = 6, plot = p_all_h, dpi = 300)
References
cite_packages(output = "paragraph", out.dir = ".")
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D’Agostino McGowan, Romain François, Garrett Grolemund, et al. 2019.
“Welcome to the tidyverse.”
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---
title: "Convergence in 𝘩 for the optimal control variable"
date: "Last modified: `r format(Sys.time(), '%d-%m-%Y.')`"
output:
  html_document:
    mathjax: "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"
    highlight: pygments
    theme: flatly
    code_folding: hide # class.source = "fold-hide" to hide code and add a button to show it
    df_print: paged
    toc: true
    toc_float:
      collapsed: true
      smooth_scroll: true
    number_sections: true
    fig_caption: true
    code_download: true
    css: visual.css
always_allow_html: true
bibliography: 
  - references.bib
  - grateful-refs.bib
header-includes:
  - \newcommand{\ar}{\mathbb{R}}
  - \newcommand{\llav}[1]{\left\{#1\right\}}
  - \newcommand{\pare}[1]{\left(#1\right)}
  - \newcommand{\Ncal}{\mathcal{N}}
  - \newcommand{\Vcal}{\mathcal{V}}
  - \newcommand{\Ecal}{\mathcal{E}}
  - \newcommand{\Wcal}{\mathcal{W}}
  - \newcommand{\almosteverywhere}{\mathrm{a.e.}\;}
---

Go back to the [Contents](about.html) page.

<div style="color: #2c3e50; text-align: right;">
********  
<strong>Press Show to reveal the code chunks.</strong>  

********
</div>


```{r}
# Create a clipboard button on the rendered HTML page
source(here::here("clipboard.R")); clipboard
# Set seed for reproducibility
set.seed(1982) 
# Set global options for all code chunks
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  # Disable messages printed by R code chunks
  message = FALSE,    
  # Disable warnings printed by R code chunks
  warning = FALSE,    
  # Show R code within code chunks in output
  echo = TRUE,        
  # Include both R code and its results in output
  include = TRUE,     
  # Evaluate R code chunks
  eval = TRUE,       
  # Enable caching of R code chunks for faster rendering
  cache = FALSE,      
  # Align figures in the center of the output
  fig.align = "center",
  # Enable retina display for high-resolution figures
  retina = 2,
  # Show errors in the output instead of stopping rendering
  error = TRUE,
  # Do not collapse code and output into a single block
  collapse = FALSE
)
# Start the figure counter
fig_count <- 0
# Define the captioner function
captioner <- function(caption) {
  fig_count <<- fig_count + 1
  paste0("Figure ", fig_count, ": ", caption)
}
```

```{r}
library(MetricGraph)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(plotly)
library(patchwork)
library(slackr)
source("keys.R")
slackr_setup(token = token) # token comes from keys.R
```


```{r}
capture.output(
  knitr::purl(here::here("control_functionality.Rmd"), output = here::here("control_functionality.R")),
  file = here::here("purl_log.txt")
)
source(here::here("control_functionality.R"))
```


```{r}
# Parameters
T_final <- 2
kappa <- 4#readRDS("old/kappa.RDS")#16
divider <- 2#readRDS("old/divider.RDS") #1
m_cut <- 8#readRDS("old/m_cut.RDS")
mu <- 1
a <- - 1
b <- 1
N_finite = 4 # choose even
adjusted_N_finite <- N_finite + N_finite/2 + 1
# Coefficients for f and g
coeff_elliptic_g <- 20*(1:adjusted_N_finite)^-1
coeff_elliptic_g[-2] <- 0
coeff_elliptic_f <- rep(0, adjusted_N_finite)
coeff_elliptic_f[2] <- 10

# Time step and mesh size
# POWERS <- seq(12, 6, by = -1.5)
# 
# time_steps <- 0.1 * 2^-POWERS
# h_vector <- time_steps^(1/2)
h_vector <- 10^seq(log10(0.005), log10(0.1), length.out = 7)#c(0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1)
h_star <- 0.001

# Overkill parameters
overkill_time_step <- 0.1 * 2^-(14)
overkill_h <- h_star#(0.1 * 2^-(14))^(1/2)

# Finest time and space mesh
overkill_time_seq <- seq(0, T_final, length.out = ((T_final - 0) / overkill_time_step + 1))
overkill_graph <- gets.graph.tadpole(h = overkill_h)

# Compute the weights on the finest mesh
overkill_graph$compute_fem() # This is needed to compute the weights
overkill_C <- overkill_graph$mesh$C

overkill_psi <- cos(overkill_time_seq)
overkill_phi <- sin(T_final - overkill_time_seq)
overkill_psi_prime <- - sin(overkill_time_seq)
overkill_phi_prime <- - cos(T_final - overkill_time_seq)

m_values <- c()
alpha_vector <- seq(1, 1.8, by = 0.2)
```


```{r, eval = FALSE, class.source = "fold-show"}
# Create a matrix to store the errors
errors_u_bar <- matrix(NA, nrow = length(h_vector), ncol = length(alpha_vector))
errors_p_bar <- matrix(NA, nrow = length(h_vector), ncol = length(alpha_vector))
errors_z_bar <- matrix(NA, nrow = length(h_vector), ncol = length(alpha_vector))
for (j in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {
  alpha <- alpha_vector[j] 
  beta <- alpha / 2

  # Compute the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on the finest mesh
  overkill_eigen_params <- gets.eigen.params(N_finite = N_finite, 
                                             kappa = kappa, 
                                             alpha = alpha, 
                                             graph = overkill_graph)
  EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA <- overkill_eigen_params$EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA # Eigenvalues (they are independent of the meshes)
  overkill_EIGENFUN <- overkill_eigen_params$EIGENFUN # Eigenfunctions on the finest mesh
  
  # Compute the true solution on the finest mesh
  overkill_elliptic_f <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_f)
  overkill_elliptic_g <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_g)
  # Construct the corresponding elliptic solution u and v on the integration mesh
  overkill_elliptic_u <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_f * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
  overkill_elliptic_v <- as.vector(overkill_EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_g * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
  overkill_u_bar <- outer(overkill_elliptic_u, overkill_psi)
  overkill_p_bar <- - mu * outer(overkill_elliptic_v, overkill_phi)
  overkill_z_bar <- matrix(pmax(a, pmin(b, - overkill_p_bar / mu)), dim(overkill_p_bar))
  
  maxabs <- max(abs(overkill_p_bar / mu))
    
  for (i in 1:length(h_vector)) {
    h <- h_vector[i]
    time_step <- (h^alpha)/divider
    m <- min(m_cut, ceiling((log(h))^2 / (pi^2 * (1 - alpha / 2)))) #4
    h <- largest_nested_h(h_star, h) # makes them nested
    m_values <- c(m_values, m)
    time_seq <- seq(0, T_final, length.out = ((T_final - 0) / time_step + 1))
    graph <- gets.graph.tadpole(h = h)
    graph$compute_fem()
    G <- graph$mesh$G
    C <- graph$mesh$C
    L <- kappa^2*C + G
    # Construct the fractional operator, which is shared for the forward and adjoint problems
    my_op_frac <- my.fractional.operators.frac(L, 
                                               beta, 
                                               C, 
                                               scale.factor = kappa^2, 
                                               m = m, 
                                               time_step)
    eigen_params <- gets.eigen.params(N_finite = N_finite, 
                                      kappa = kappa, 
                                      alpha = alpha, 
                                      graph = graph)
    EIGENFUN <- eigen_params$EIGENFUN
    # Construct the right hand side functions f and g for the elliptic problem
    elliptic_f <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_f)
    elliptic_g <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% coeff_elliptic_g)
    # Construct the corresponding elliptic solution u and v
    elliptic_u <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_f * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
    elliptic_v <- as.vector(EIGENFUN %*% (coeff_elliptic_g * EIGENVAL_MINUS_ALPHA))
    
    psi <- cos(time_seq)
    phi <- sin(T_final - time_seq)
    psi_prime <- - sin(time_seq)
    phi_prime <- - cos(T_final - time_seq)
    
    u_bar <- elliptic_u %*% t(psi)
    p_bar <- - mu * (elliptic_v %*% t(phi))
    z_bar <- matrix(pmax(a, pmin(b, - p_bar / mu)), dim(p_bar))
    
    # Construct the projection matrix
    Psi <- graph$fem_basis(overkill_graph$get_mesh_locations())
    R <- t(Psi) %*% overkill_graph$mesh$C
    minus_p_bar_over_mu <- overkill_elliptic_v %*% t(phi)
    z_aux <- matrix(pmax(a, pmin(b, minus_p_bar_over_mu)), dim(minus_p_bar_over_mu))
    f <- overkill_elliptic_u %*% t(psi_prime) + overkill_elliptic_f %*% t(psi) - z_aux
    
    
    U_d <- overkill_elliptic_u %*% t(psi) -
      mu * (overkill_elliptic_v %*% t(phi_prime)) +
      mu * (overkill_elliptic_g %*% t(phi))
    
    V_d <- R %*% U_d
    u_0 <- elliptic_u
    F_proj <- R %*% f
    
    u_d <- outer(elliptic_u, psi) -
      mu * outer(elliptic_v, phi_prime) +
      mu * outer(elliptic_g, phi)
    
    
    tol <- 1e-12
    maxit <- 25
    verbose <- TRUE
    nested_spatial_mesh <- TRUE
    res <- solve_coupled_system_multi_tol(
      my_op_frac = my_op_frac,
      time_step = time_step, 
      time_seq = time_seq, 
      u_0 = u_0, 
      F_proj = F_proj, 
      Z_ini = F_proj*0,
      V_d = V_d, 
      u_d = u_d,
      Psi = Psi, 
      R = R,
      a = a, 
      b = b, 
      C = C,
      mu = mu,
      tol = tol, 
      maxit = maxit, 
      verbose = verbose,
      nested_spatial_mesh = nested_spatial_mesh,
      true_sol = list(
        u_bar = u_bar, 
        p_bar = p_bar, 
        z_bar = z_bar
      ))
    
    U_bar <- res$U
    P_bar <- res$P
    Z_bar <- res$Z
    
    projected_u_bar_piecewise <- construct_piecewise_projection(Psi %*% U_bar, time_seq, overkill_time_seq)
    projected_p_bar_piecewise <- construct_piecewise_projection(Psi %*% P_bar, time_seq, overkill_time_seq)
    projected_z_bar_piecewise <- construct_piecewise_projection(Psi %*% Z_bar, time_seq, overkill_time_seq)
    
    UU <- overkill_u_bar - projected_u_bar_piecewise
    PP <- overkill_p_bar - projected_p_bar_piecewise
    ZZ <- overkill_z_bar - projected_z_bar_piecewise
    
    rm(projected_u_bar_piecewise, projected_p_bar_piecewise, projected_z_bar_piecewise)
    
    DDD <- sqrt(as.double(overkill_time_step * sum(UU * (overkill_C %*% UU))))
    HHH <- sqrt(as.double(overkill_time_step * sum(PP * (overkill_C %*% PP))))
    KKK <- sqrt(as.double(overkill_time_step * sum(ZZ * (overkill_C %*% ZZ))))
    
    rm(UU, PP, ZZ)

    errors_u_bar[i,j] <- DDD
    errors_p_bar[i,j] <- HHH
    errors_z_bar[i,j] <- KKK
    print(paste0("m =", m, ", alpha =", alpha, ", h =", h, ", time_step =", time_step))
    slackr_msg(text = paste0("m =", m, ", alpha =", alpha, ", h =", h, ", time_step =", time_step, ", converged = ", res$converged, ", iterations = ", res$iterations, ", error u = ", DDD, ", error p = ", HHH, ", error z = ", KKK, ", maxabs = ", maxabs), channel = "#research")
  }
}
save(errors_u_bar, errors_p_bar, errors_z_bar, file = here::here("data_files/control_error_h_with_iteration.RData"))
```

# Convergence results

```{r}
# Load the errors data
load(here::here("data_files/control_error_h_with_iteration.RData"))

observed_rates_u_bar <- numeric(length(alpha_vector))
observed_rates_p_bar <- numeric(length(alpha_vector))
observed_rates_z_bar <- numeric(length(alpha_vector))

for (i in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {observed_rates_u_bar[i] <- coef(lm(log10(errors_u_bar[, i]) ~ log10(h_vector)))[2]}
for (i in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {observed_rates_p_bar[i] <- coef(lm(log10(errors_p_bar[, i]) ~ log10(h_vector)))[2]}
for (i in 1:length(alpha_vector)) {observed_rates_z_bar[i] <- coef(lm(log10(errors_z_bar[, i]) ~ log10(h_vector)))[2]}


theoretical_rates <- alpha_vector

p_u_bar <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector, 
                               alpha_vector, 
                               errors_u_bar, 
                               theoretical_rates, 
                               observed_rates_u_bar,
                               line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
                               fig_title = expression(italic(bar(u))),
                               x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))

p_p_bar <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector, 
                               alpha_vector, 
                               errors_p_bar, 
                               theoretical_rates, 
                               observed_rates_p_bar,
                               line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
                               fig_title = expression(italic(bar(p))),
                               x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))

p_z_bar <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector, 
                               alpha_vector, 
                               errors_z_bar, 
                               theoretical_rates, 
                               observed_rates_z_bar,
                               line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
                               fig_title = expression(italic(bar(z))),
                               x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))

p_h_u <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector, 
                               alpha_vector, 
                               errors_u_bar, 
                               theoretical_rates, 
                               observed_rates_u_bar,
                               line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
                               fig_title = expression("Convergence in " * italic(h)),
                               x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
p_h_z <- error.convergence.plotter(x_axis_vector = h_vector, 
                               alpha_vector, 
                               errors_z_bar, 
                               theoretical_rates, 
                               observed_rates_z_bar,
                               line_equation_fun = loglog_line_equation,
                               fig_title = expression("Convergence in " * italic(h)),
                               x_axis_label = expression(italic(h)))
save(p_h_u, file = here::here("data_files/p_h_u.RData"))
save(p_h_z, file = here::here("data_files/p_h_z.RData"))
```

```{r, fig.align='center', fig.dim= c(12,6), fig.cap = captioner("Comparison of theoretical and observed convergence behavior for the $L_2((0,T);L_2(\\Gamma))$-error with respect to $h$ on a $\\text{log}_{10}$–$\\text{log}_{10}$ scale. Dashed lines indicate the theoretical rates, and solid lines represent the observed error curves. The legend below each plot shows the value of $\\alpha$ along with the corresponding theoretical ('theo'), and observed ('obs') rates for each case.")}

p_all_h <- (p_u_bar | p_p_bar | p_z_bar) + 
  plot_annotation(
    title = expression("         Convergence in " * italic(h)),
    theme = theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 18, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, 
        family = "Palatino"))
  )
p_all_h
```


```{r}
# ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_u_bar_with_iteration.png"), width = 4, height = 5, plot = p_u_bar, dpi = 300)
# ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_p_bar_with_iteration.png"), width = 4, height = 5, plot = p_p_bar, dpi = 300)
# ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_z_bar_with_iteration.png"), width = 4, height = 5, plot = p_z_bar, dpi = 300)
ggsave(here::here("data_files/control_conv_rates_h_all_with_iteration.png"), width = 12, height = 6, plot = p_all_h, dpi = 300)
```

```{r, eval = TRUE, echo = FALSE}
initial_comment <- paste0("Here’s the latest plot update for the convergence in h for the optimal control problem! with kappa = ", kappa, " and divider = ", divider)
# option 1
slackr_upload(
  filename = "data_files/control_conv_rates_h_all_with_iteration.png",        # path to your image
  initial_comment = initial_comment,
  channels = "#research"
)
```

```{r, eval = TRUE, echo = FALSE}
get_numeric_scalars <- function() {
  vars <- ls(envir = .GlobalEnv)
  scalars <- sapply(vars, function(v) {
    val <- get(v, envir = .GlobalEnv)
    is.numeric(val) && length(val) == 1
  })
  mget(vars[scalars], envir = .GlobalEnv)
}

# Collect the scalars
num_scalars <- get_numeric_scalars()

# Format as message
msg <- paste(
  sprintf("%s = %s", names(num_scalars), unlist(num_scalars)),
  collapse = "\n"
)

# Send to Slack
slackr::slackr_msg(
  text = paste("Numeric scalars in this run:\n", msg),
  channel = "#research"
)
```

# References

```{r}
cite_packages(output = "paragraph", out.dir = ".")
```
