M plots

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# Create a clipboard button
source(here::here("clipboard.R")); clipboard

# Set seed for reproducibility
set.seed(1982) 
# Set global options for all code chunks
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  # Disable messages printed by R code chunks
  message = FALSE,    
  # Disable warnings printed by R code chunks
  warning = FALSE,    
  # Show R code within code chunks in output
  echo = TRUE,        
  # Include both R code and its results in output
  include = TRUE,     
  # Evaluate R code chunks
  eval = TRUE,       
  # Enable caching of R code chunks for faster rendering
  cache = FALSE,      
  # Align figures in the center of the output
  fig.align = "center",
  # Enable retina display for high-resolution figures
  retina = 2,
  # Show errors in the output instead of stopping rendering
  error = TRUE,
  # Do not collapse code and output into a single block
  collapse = FALSE
)
# Start the figure counter
fig_count <- 0
# Define the captioner function
captioner <- function(caption) {
  fig_count <<- fig_count + 1
  paste0("Figure ", fig_count, ": ", caption)
}
# Define the function to truncate a number to two decimal places
truncate_to_two <- function(x) {
  truncated <- floor(x * 100) / 100
  sprintf("%.2f", truncated)
}

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(here)

library(slackr)
source("keys.R")
slackr_setup(token = token) # token comes from keys.R

## [1] "Successfully connected to Slack"

capture.output(
  knitr::purl(here::here("functionality1.Rmd"), output = here::here("functionality1.R")),
  file = here::here("old/purl_log.txt")
)
source(here::here("functionality1.R"))

# Functions
m0 <- function(x) floor(x/2 - 1/4)
m1 <- function(x) floor(x/2 - 3/4)
m2 <- function(x) ceiling(x) - 3

# Range
x_min <- 2
x_max <- 11.5
jumps <- seq(2.5, x_max, by = 1)

# Intervals
intervals_base <- data.frame(
  left  = c(x_min, jumps),
  right = c(jumps, x_max)
) %>% filter(left < right)

# Intervals for ceil function
intervals2 <- data.frame(left = 2:(floor(x_max)-1)) %>%
  mutate(right = left + 1, y = left - 2, fun = "ceil") 

# Intervals for m0 and m1
intervals <- bind_rows(
  intervals_base %>% mutate(y = m0((left + right)/2), fun = "m0"),
  intervals_base %>% mutate(y = m1((left + right)/2), fun = "m1")
)

# Combine all intervals
intervals_all <- bind_rows(intervals, intervals2)

# Convert 'fun' to factor to fix legend order
intervals_all <- intervals_all %>%
  mutate(fun = factor(fun, levels = c("m0", "m1", "ceil")))

# Endpoints for plotting points
endpoints_all <- intervals_all %>%
  select(left, right, y, fun) %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = c(left, right),
               names_to = "endpoint",
               values_to = "x") %>%
  mutate(fun = factor(fun, levels = c("m0", "m1", "ceil")))

# Y-axis breaks
y_breaks <- seq(floor(min(intervals_all$y)),
                ceiling(max(intervals_all$y)), 1)

# Plot
p1 <- ggplot(intervals_all, aes(color = fun, linetype = fun)) +
  
  # Horizontal segments
  geom_segment(aes(x = left, xend = right, y = y, yend = y),
               linewidth = 2) +
  
  # Endpoints
  geom_point(data = endpoints_all,
             aes(x = x, y = y),
             shape = 21, fill = "white", stroke = 1, size = 1.5) +
  
  # Manual colors
  scale_color_manual(
    values = c("m0" = "#FF6666",   # a medium red/pink
               "m1" = "#6699FF",   # a medium blue
               "ceil" = "black"),
    labels = c("$m_0(\\alpha) = \\left\\lfloor \\frac{\\alpha}{2} - \\frac{1}{4} \\right\\rfloor$", "$m_1(\\alpha) = \\left\\lfloor \\frac{\\alpha}{2} - \\frac{3}{4} \\right\\rfloor$", "$m_2(\\alpha) = \\lceil \\alpha \\rceil - 3$")
  ) +
  
  # Manual linetypes
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = c("m0" = "solid", "m1" = "dashed", "ceil" = "dotted")
  ) +
  
  # Labels
  labs(
    x = "$\\alpha$",
    y = "",
    #y = expression(m[i](alpha)),
    color = "Function"
  ) +
  
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(2, x_max, by = 0.5)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = y_breaks) +
  
  # Legend fix
  guides(
    linetype = "none",                 # hide linetype legend
    color = guide_legend(nrow = 1, byrow = TRUE, label.hjust = 0)    # one horizontal row
  ) +
  
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.spacing.x = unit(0.9, "cm"),   # increase horizontal spacing
    legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
    axis.title.x = element_text(size = 16),
    axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16),
    axis.text.x  = element_text(size = 13, angle = 90, vjust = 0.5),
    axis.text.y  = element_text(size = 13)
  )

# Functions
m0 <- function(x) floor(x/2 - 1/4)
m1 <- function(x) floor(x/2 - 3/4)
m2 <- function(x) ceiling(x) - 3

# Range
x_min <- 2
x_max <- 11.5
jumps <- seq(2.5, x_max, by = 1)

# Base intervals
intervals_base <- data.frame(
  left  = c(x_min, jumps),
  right = c(jumps, x_max)
) %>% filter(left < right)

# m2 intervals
intervals2 <- data.frame(left = 2:(floor(x_max)-1)) %>%
  mutate(right = left + 1, y = left - 2, fun = "m2") 

# m0 and m1 intervals (only needed to build transforms)
intervals <- bind_rows(
  intervals_base %>% mutate(y = m0((left + right)/2), fun = "m0"),
  intervals_base %>% mutate(y = m1((left + right)/2), fun = "m1")
)

# Transformed functions
intervals_transformed <- bind_rows(
  intervals %>% filter(fun == "m0") %>% mutate(y = 2*y - 2, fun = "2m0-2"),
  intervals %>% filter(fun == "m1") %>% mutate(y = 2*y - 1, fun = "2m1-1")
)

# Combine only m2 and transformed curves
intervals_all <- bind_rows(intervals2, intervals_transformed)

# Remove negative values
intervals_all <- intervals_all %>% filter(y >= 0)

# Legend order
intervals_all <- intervals_all %>%
  mutate(fun = factor(fun, levels = c("m2", "2m0-2", "2m1-1")))

# Endpoints
endpoints_all <- intervals_all %>%
  select(left, right, y, fun) %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = c(left, right),
               names_to = "endpoint",
               values_to = "x")

# Y-axis breaks
y_breaks <- seq(floor(min(intervals_all$y)),
                ceiling(max(intervals_all$y)), 1)

# Plot
p2 <- ggplot(intervals_all, aes(color = fun, linetype = fun)) +
  
  geom_segment(aes(x = left, xend = right, y = y, yend = y),
               linewidth = 2) +
  
  geom_point(data = endpoints_all,
             aes(x = x, y = y),
             shape = 21, fill = "white", stroke = 1, size = 1.5) +
  
  scale_color_manual(
    values = c(
      "m2"    = "black",
      "2m0-2" = "#33AA33",
      "2m1-1" = "#AA33AA"
    ),
    labels = c("$m_2(\\alpha) = \\lceil \\alpha \\rceil - 3$", "$2m_0(\\alpha)-2$", "$2m_1(\\alpha)-1$")
  ) +
  
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = c("m2" = "solid", 
               "2m0-2" = "dashed",
               "2m1-1" = "dashed")
  ) +
  
  labs(
    x = "$\\alpha$",
    #y = expression(m[i](alpha)),
    y = "",
    color = "Function"
  ) +
  
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(2, x_max, by = 0.5)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = y_breaks) +
  
  # Legend fix
  guides(
    linetype = "none",                 # hide linetype legend
    color = guide_legend(nrow = 1, byrow = TRUE, label.hjust = 0)    # one horizontal row
  ) +
  
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.spacing.x = unit(0.9, "cm"),   # increase horizontal spacing
    legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
    axis.title.x = element_text(size = 16),
    axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16),
    axis.text.x  = element_text(size = 13, angle = 90, vjust = 0.5),
    axis.text.y  = element_text(size = 13)
  )

library(patchwork)
mplots_all <- p1 + p2 + plot_layout(ncol = 2)
# ggplot2::ggsave(here::here("data_files/mplots.png"), width = 16, height = 5, plot = mplots_all, dpi = 300)
myggsave(mplots_all, width = 16, height = 5)

#knitr::include_graphics(here::here("data_files/mplots.png"))
knitr::include_graphics(here::here("data_files/tikzpic/mplots_all.pdf"))

Figure 1: Comparison of \(m_0(\alpha) = \left\lfloor \frac{\alpha}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \right\rfloor\), \(m_1(\alpha) = \left\lfloor \frac{\alpha}{2} - \frac{3}{4} \right\rfloor\), and \(m_2(\alpha) = \lceil \alpha \rceil - 3\) (left) and comparison of \(m_2(\alpha)\), \(2m_0(\alpha)-2\), and \(2m_1(\alpha)-1\) (right) as functions of \(\alpha\).

1 References

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